GK UyK‡iv ‡Wwbg wKš‘ wRÝ bh়, Z‡e me wRÝB
‡Wwbg| AviI weåvš— jvM‡Q? Avgv‡`i c«vh় mevi Kv‡QB
‡Wwbg I wRÝ- `ywU AwZ cwiwPZ kã n‡jI G `y‡Uvi cv_©K¨ Rvwb bv Avgiv| Avmyb ‡R‡b
wbb ‡Wwbg I wR‡Ýi cv_©K¨ Avm‡j Kx|
‡Wwbg w`h‡় ‰Zwi c¨v›U n‡”Q wRÝ
‡Wwbg n‡”Q ‡dwe«K| ‡Wwbg ‡dwe«K 100% KUb UyBj ev ‡÷P UyBj w`h‡় ‰Zwi nh়| GB ‡dwe«K w`h‡় ‰Zwi nh় kvU©, wRÝ, e¨vM, R¨v‡KUmn AviI A‡bK wKQy| Aciw`‡K wRÝ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi ‡cvkvK| Avivg`vh়K I mn‡R gh়jv nh় bv e‡j wek¦RyW‡় Rbwc«h় GB ‡cvkvK| g~jZ wRÝ ej‡Z ‡Wwbg ‡dwe«K Øviv ‰Zwi c¨v›U‡K ‡evSv‡bv nh়| ‡Wwbg w`h‡় A‡bK Mv‡g©›Um ‰Zwi Kiv hvh়, wKš‘ ‡h c¨v›U ‰Zwi n‡e ‡mUvB wRÝ| bxj iO hw`I wR‡Ýi Ab¨Zg ‰ewkó¨, Z‡e GLb bvbv i‡Oi wR‡Ýi ‡`Lv ‡g‡j evRv‡i|mgy`« cvWw় ‡`Ih়v bvweK-ewYK‡`i ci‡bi AvuUmvuU UyBj U«vDRvi ‡_‡K AvR‡Ki w`‡b ‡h‡Kv‡bv i“wPm¤§Z Ih়vW©‡ive c«avb ‡cvkvK ‡Wwbg ‡nu‡U‡Q GK j¤^v c_| ‡Wwb‡gi g‡Zv Avi ‡Kv‡bv KvcW়B GLb Aewa d¨vkbRM‡Z GZUv wece m…wó Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
d¨vk‡bi wbh়g n‡jv, GwU inm¨gh়| ey wRbm ‡Kb K¬vwmK? KviY,
Avcwb ûU K‡iB Ggb wKQy
GKUv ‡ch‡় hvb, ‡hwU
Avcbvi Rb¨ mwVK Ges hv‡K mgh‡়i mxgvh় e›`x Kiv hv‡e
bv| Gfv‡eB wRbm m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri AwfgZ Rvwbh‡়wQ‡jb ‡ejwRh়v‡gi wek¦L¨vZ
d¨vkb wWRvBbvi Wvh়vb db dv‡÷©bevM©|
A_P ‡Wwbg wRbm Avgv‡`i c«vZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi GZUvB Awe‡”Q`¨ As‡k cwiYZ nh‡়‡Q ‡h Avgiv Lye
KgmsL¨K e¨enviKvixB G c«kœ Zywj: Kxfv‡e ‰Zwi nh় G wRbm, Avi
Kx-B ev Gi BwZnvm?
evRv‡i AvRKvj n‡iK iK‡gi ‡Wwbg wRb‡mi mgvnvi| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë&eI
GL‡bv GwU me‡Ph‡় ‰ewPZª¨gh় I ‡UKmB KvcW়| Gi Av‡e`bI
wPiš—b, me mgh় Agwjb|
‡Wwb‡gi g‡Zv Avi ‡Kv‡bv KvcW়B GLb Aewa
d¨vkbRM‡Z GZUv wece m…wó Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| mgy`« cvWw় ‡`Ih়v bvweK-ewYK‡`i
ci‡bi AvuUmvuU UyBj U«vDRvi ‡_‡K AvR‡Ki w`‡b ‡h‡Kv‡bv i“wPm¤§Z Ih়vW©‡ive c«avb
‡cvkvK ‡Wwbg ‡nu‡U‡Q GK j¤^v c_|
Bs‡iwR wRbm (jeans) kãwUi Avwef©ve 1567 mv‡ji '‡R‡bvhw়R' (genoese) ev
'wRbm' (genes) ‡_‡K| GB k㸇jv e¨eüZ n‡Zv BZvwjh়vb mgy`«ZxieZ©x
kni ‡R‡bvh়v ‡_‡K AvMZ ewYK‡`i ci‡bi k³ UyBj U«vDRvi‡K eY©bv
Ki‡Z|
‡Kvb KvcW় ‡_‡K ‰Zwi n‡Zv GB UyBj U«vDRvi?
BDwbfvwm©wU Ae Gw·Uv‡ii Bbw÷wUDU Ae Avie A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwW‡Ri Abvivwi wmwbh়i wimvP© ‡d‡jv
Ges 'BwÛ‡Mv Bb `¨ Avie Ih়vì©' (iIU‡jR, 1996)-mn BwÛ‡Mvi Ici ‡ek
wKQy eBh‡়i iPhw়Zv ‡Rwb
‡ej‡dvi-cj Avgv‡`i aviYv ‡`b G e¨vcv‡i| Zvi g‡Z, 'BmjvwgK hy‡Mi ïi“i w`‡K ‡ek
k³ I ewjô GKwU wgmixh় KvcW় BZvwj‡Z
Avg`vwb Kiv nh়| KvcW়wUi bvg wQj
dymwZh়vb (K_vwU G‡m‡Q
dymZvZ ‡_‡K, ‡hwU wQj Kvh়‡ivi c~e©eZ©x bMix)| GB KvcW‡়i AbyKi‡Y
‡R‡bvh়vi ZvuwZiv
Zv‡`i wbR¯^ GKwU ms¯‹iY ‰Zwi Ki‡Z _v‡K| ‡mwUi bvg Zviv ‡`h় wRb dymwZh়vb, hv‡Z BwÛ‡Mv
bxj is e¨envi KiZ Zviv| wRb dymwZh়v‡bi Rbwc«h়Zv e…w×i mv‡_
mv‡_ GwUi wRb bvgUyKyB ‡jvKgy‡L AwaK c«PwjZ nh‡় hvh়| ‡m Rb¨B G
KvcW়‡K ejv n‡Zv
wRbm ev ‡R‡bvhw়R|'
cieZ©x‡Z d«v‡Ýi wbg‡mi ZvuwZivI G KvcW‡়i cybi“rcv`b
ïi“ K‡i| Zviv ‡mB KvcW়‡K ejZ 'UyBj DBf d¨vwe«K' bv‡g, ‡hLv‡b
e¨eüZ n‡Zv GKwU iwOb my‡Zv (c«avbZ BwÛ‡Mv WvB Kiv) Ges GKwU mv`v my‡Zv| ‡mB
KvcW়wUi wQj GK
wfbœag©x ¯^vZš—ª¨ Ges k«wgK ‡k«wYi gvby‡li ci‡bi Rb¨I KvcW়wU Lye
fv‡jvfv‡e gvwbh‡় hvh়|
AvR‡K Avgiv ‡mB KvcW়‡KB ewj ‡Wwbg bv‡g| GB ‡Wwbg
kãwU G‡m‡Q "mvR© ‡` wbgm' ‡_‡K, A_©vr 'mvR© d«g wbgm' ev wbg‡mi KvcW় ‡_‡K|
1880 mv‡ji GKwU wR‡Ýi c¨v‡›Ui `vg D‡V‡Q c«vh় 87 nvRvi Wjvi,
hv evsjv‡`wk gy`«vh় 88 jvL UvKvi Ic‡i| wjfvBm eª¨v‡Ûi
wRÝwU wewKh‡়‡Q ‡gw·‡Kvi ‡QvU GK kn‡ii wbjv‡g|
evZ©v ms¯’v wmGbG‡bi Le‡i ejv nh‡়‡Q, cwiZ¨³
Lwb‡Z wRÝwUi mÜvb cvb GK c«ZœZË&ewe`, AviI we‡klfv‡e ej‡j '‡Wwbg
AvwK©IjwR÷'| c‡i ‡mwU wK‡b ‡bb KvBwj ûUbvi Ges wRc w÷‡fbmb, ‡Wwb‡gi mgS`vi `yB
‡µZv| wmGbGb‡K w÷‡fbmb ejb, "wbjvg ïi“i AvM ch©š— Avgv‡`i GB wRÝ ‡Kbvi
‡Kv‡bv cwiKíbv wQj bv| GLbI G NUbvi K_v g‡b cW়‡j cvMjvwg QvW়v wKQy g‡b nh় bv|"
wRÝwUi wewµg~j¨ aiv nh় 87 nvRvi 400
Wjvi, hv GhveZKv‡j ‡Wwb‡gi Rb¨ c«`vb Kiv m‡e©v”P g~j¨¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| Gi 90% ûUbvi
cwi‡kva Ki‡eb, evwK 10% c«`v‡bi `vhw়Z¡ w÷‡fbm‡bi|
w÷‡fbmb c«vh় wZb `kK a‡i jm A¨v‡Ä‡j‡m GKwU ‡Wwbg
wi‡ch়v‡ii ‡`vKvb
Pvjv‡”Qb; wKš‘ wZwb Ggb wRÝ KL‡bv cvbwb| "AvKvi Ges civi Ae¯’v we‡ePbvh় wb‡j GB wRÝ
AZ¨š— weij", e‡jb wZwb| cvuP eQi Av‡M c«_g GB wRÝwUi e¨vcv‡i Rvb‡Z cv‡ib
w÷‡fbmb|
‡mmgh় cwðg Av‡gwiKvh় gvB‡Kj n¨vwim
Lyu‡R cvb GwU| c‡ii cvuP eQi AviI Aš—Z 50wU cwiZ¨³ Lwb‡Z Ggb Av‡iK‡RvW়v wR‡Ýi mÜv‡b
Ny‡i ‡eW়vb wZwb| wKš‘
‡h¸‡jv cvIh়v hvh়, ‡Kv‡bvwUiB
gvb Z‡Zv fv‡jv bv nIh়vh় civi Dchy³ wQj
bv; d‡j VvuB nh় Rv`yN‡i|
"A_P AevK Kivi g‡Zv welh় GB wRÝUv GLbI
‡UKmB Ges cwiavb‡hvM¨|‡Kej Kh‡়KwU mdU ¯úU ev `vM ih‡়‡Q; ‡mme ev`
w`‡j GUv G‡Kev‡i `vi“Y GKUv wRÝ", e‡jb w÷‡fbmb| "Avwg ‡Zv Rwb ‡Wc ev ‡Rmb ‡gv‡gvh়v‡K GB wRÝ civ
Ae¯’vh় KíbvI K‡i
‡d‡jwQ|"
‡gw·‡Kvi ‡QvU kni A¨vR‡U‡Ki DcK‡É 'Wyiv‡½v wfb‡UR ‡dw÷fv‡m' wbjvgwU
AbywôZ nh়| Pvi w`‡bi DrmewUi Avh‡়vR‡b wQ‡jb
wfb‡UR ‡Wwbg we‡klÁ we«U BUb| Zvi Kv‡Q G ai‡bi cY¨ Lyu‡R ‡eW়v‡bv ixwZg‡Zv
Avmw³i g‡Zv|
BUb e‡jb, "Avwg MZ c«vh় 25 eQi a‡i G
e¨emvh় AvwQ| mvaviYZ
G ai‡bi wfb‡UR wRݸ‡jvi `vg m‡e©v”P 100 Wjvi ch©š— I‡V| Gev‡ii g‡Zv Ggb wRÝ
mvivRxe‡b gvbyl GKeviB cvh়|"
mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z BUb Pvb wb ‡h, wRÝwU wewµ ‡nvK, ‡m D‡Ï‡k¨B PW়v `vg wba©viY
K‡ib| wKš‘ Gi weijZvi Rb¨B wbjv‡g GwU mevi AvKl©Y ‡KW‡় ‡bh়| wRÝwU
Av‡gwiKvi BwZnv‡mi GKwU AÜKvi c‡e©i mv¶¨I enb K‡i| Gi wfZ‡ii c‡K‡U Qvcvi ni‡d
‡jLv Av‡Q, '`¨ Abwj KvBÛ ‡gW evB ‡nvh়vBU ‡jevi'
(‡k¦Zv½ k«wgK‡`i Øviv wbwg©Z GKgvÎ aib)|
wjfvB‡mi GKRb gyLcvÎ Gi e¨vL¨vh় Rvbvb, 1882
mv‡j gvwK©b Ks‡M«m Pxbv eR©b AvBb c«eZ©‡bi c‡i ‡Kv¤úvwbwU GB ‡¯vMvb e¨envi K‡i| ‡mmgh় Pxbv k«wgK‡`i Av‡gwiKvh় c«‡ek wb‡la
wQj| `¨ Ih়vj w÷«U Rvb©vj ‡_‡K Rvbv hvh়, cieZ©x‡Z 1890
mv‡j wjfvBm GB ‡¯vMvb Ges bxwZ Dfh়B ev` ‡`h়| Avi AvBbwU
1943 mv‡j evwZj ‡NvlYv Kiv nh়|
Gw`‡K wRÝwU wbh‡় w÷‡fbm‡bi mvg‡b Kx cwiKíbv?
"Avgiv PvBe mwZ¨Kvi AvM«nx ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ GB wR݇RvW়v wK‡b wbK|
Gici Gi VvuB ‡nvK Zvi cQ›`mB ‡Kv‡bv Rv`yN‡i, ‡hgb w¯§_‡mvwbh়vb ev
‡g‡U«vcwjUb wgDwRh়vg Ad Av‡U©| AvcvZZ jm A¨v‡Ä‡j‡m
w÷‡fbm‡bi ZË&eveav‡bB _vK‡Q GwU; ‡h ‡KD PvB‡j 'A¨vch‡়›U‡g‡›Ui'
wfwˇZ wRÝwU ‡`L‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j Rvwbh‡়‡Qb wZwb|
‡Wwbg wRb‡mi eª¨vwÛsh‡়i ‡bc‡_¨ ih‡়‡Qb ‡jwf ÷«‡mi
nvZ| 1853 mv‡j wZwb mvb d«vwÝm‡Kv‡Z P‡j Av‡mb '‡Mvì ivk'-Gi m‡½ RWw়Z e¨w³Z¡‡`i Rb¨
GKwU W«vB ¸W ‡÷vi Lyj‡Z| Zvi ‡`vKv‡b ZLb cvIh়v ‡hZ Avg`vwb
Kiv mywZ KvcW় I ‡Wwbg| IB mgh় R¨vKe WweD ‡Wwfm bv‡gi Av‡iK `wR©
‰Zwi Ki‡Zb Zvuey, ‡NvW়vi K¤^j, Ih়¨vMb Kfvi
BZ¨vw`| GKch©vh‡় wZwb ÷«m‡K c«¯—ve ‡`b Zvi m‡½
cvU©bviwk‡ci gva¨‡g avZyhy³ KvcW‡়i ‡c‡U›U K‡i
‡m¸‡jv wewµi| Gfv‡eB bvbv avZe wcb ev ‡cU ‡hvM K‡i ÷«‡mi ‡Wwbg‡K AviI ‡UKmB I gReyZ K‡i ‡Zvjv nh়|
Gfv‡eB ÷«m I ‡Wwfm cvU©bvi nh‡় hvb Ges 1873
mv‡ji 20 ‡g Zviv BDbvB‡UW ‡÷Um ‡c‡U›U A¨vÛ ‡U«WgvK© Awdm ‡_‡K ‡c‡U›U jvf K‡ib|
Kg eh়mx‡`i Kv‡Q
Zv‡`i bZyb ‡Pnvivi wRbm A‡bK Rbwc«h়Zv cvh়| ïi“i w`‡K ÷«m
I ‡Wwfm hyMj `yB ai‡bi KvcW় evbv‡ZbÑe«vDb WvK© I ey ‡Wwbg| wKš‘ Gici 1890 mv‡j ‡Wwbg 501 ÷vB‡ji Avwef©v‡ei gva¨‡g ‡Wwb‡gi
AvaywbKxKi‡Yi c_ myMg nh়|
µ‡g ‡Wwbg wRb‡m A‡bK ai‡bi cwieZ©b I DbœwZB Avm‡Z _v‡K| ‡hgb 1922
mv‡j ‡eë jyc Av‡m, Ges ‡evZv‡gi Rvh়Mv `Lj K‡i
wRcvi| wKš‘ 1890 mv‡ji ‡mB cvU©bviwk‡ci mgvwß N‡U, hLb AkKk weMk, i ¨vsjvi I wj
gv‡m©›UvBjiv jvBgjvB‡U Av‡m|
150 eQ‡i wRb‡mi g‡a¨ c«Pyi cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| Ebwesk kZ‡Ki ‡kl w`‡KI
wRbm wQj c«avbZ 'Ih‡়B÷ Ifvivj' Ges hy³iv‡ó« G¸‡jv Ih‡়÷vb© KvDeh়, Lwbk«wgK I
K…lKivB ‡Kej ci‡Zb| `v‡g m¯—v I k³‡cv³ nIh়vh় GwU k«gRxex
cyi“l‡`i ‰`bw›`b ‡cvkv‡K cwiYZ nh়|
wesk kZ‡Ki ïi“i w`‡K, we‡klZ c«_g wek¦hy‡× ‰mb¨‡`i gv‡S ‡Wwbg civi
c«eYZv ‡eW‡় hvh়| ‡hv×viv wj
BDwbh়b wRbm ‡ewk
ci‡Zb| Gfv‡e mvgwiK kw³i m‡½I ‡Wwb‡gi ‡hvMm~Î ¯’vwcZ nh়|
ga¨-cÂv‡ki `k‡K G‡m wRbm kãwUi e¨envi ‡eW‡় hvh়, GwU‡K Ab¨vb¨
KvcW‡়i ‡_‡K Avjv`v
Kivi Rb¨| gvijb eª¨v‡Ûvi '`¨ Ih়vBì Ih়vb' I ‡Rgm
wW‡bi '‡i‡ej DB`vDU Av KR' BZ¨vw` Qwe ‡`‡L Zi“‡Yiv wec‡ei c«ZxK wn‡m‡e ‡Wwbg civ ïi“ K‡i|
1960 I 70-Gi `k‡K g¨vMvwRb¸‡jvi c«”Q‡` evievi Avmvi myev‡` ‡ejeUg
Zygyj Rbwc«h়Zv jvf K‡i| 1965 mv‡j wbDBh়K© B÷ wf‡j‡Ri
GKwU eywUK GK Af~Zc~e© aviYvi Rb¥ ‡`h়| Zviv ‡Ph‡়wQj GK ‡RvW়v wRbm‡K
Ggbfv‡e ay‡Z ‡hb ‡mwU‡K e¨eüZ I ‡QW়v g‡b nh়| cvkvcvwk Zviv
‡mwU‡Z KvcW‡় ZvwjI jvMvh়|
1960-Gi `kKRyW‡় Ges 1970-Gi `k‡Ki ‡MvW়vi w`‡K wnwc I
hy×we‡ivax Av‡›`vjbKvixivI wRbm ci‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Gi gva¨‡g Zviv k«gRxex ‡k«wYi
m‡½ msnwZ ‡`Lv‡Zb| Gw`‡K bvixev`x I DB‡gbm wj‡ei msMV‡KivI ‡RÛvi BKyBwU ev b¨vh়wePv‡ii c«ZxKx
wn‡m‡e ey wRbm‡K ‡e‡Q ‡bb|
1976 mv‡j K¨vjwfb ‡K¬Bb c«_g ivbIh‡়‡Z wRbm ‡`Lvb|
Gici Zv‡K AbymiY K‡ib wWRvBbvi ‡Mvwih়v f¨vÛviweëI|
Gfv‡e 1980-Gi `k‡K A¨vwmW-Ih়vk wRb‡mi cwiwPwZ MW‡় I‡V|
wX‡jXvjv, ‡QW়v wRbm wek¦e¨vcx mgv`…Z nh় 1990-Gi `k‡K|
‡mB mgh‡় fv‡m©m, Wj‡m
A¨vÛ M¨vevbv Ges Wvh়‡ii g‡Zv d¨vkbnvDmI wRb‡mi evRv‡i c«‡ek
K‡i| Zv‡`i c_ a‡iB bZyb kZvãx‡Z w¯‹wb ev Mvh‡়i m‡½ ‡mu‡U
_vKv wRb‡mi wbR¯^ d¨vb‡eR MW‡় I‡V|
‡kl Kh‡়K `kK a‡i wfbœ wfbœ Av_©mvgvwRK
‡k«wY-‡ckvi gv‡SI wRb‡mi Awfbœ e¨env‡ii Pj ïi“ nh‡়‡Q| ZvB Avjv`v
K‡i Avi ‡Kvb ‡k«wY-‡ckvi Rb¨ ‡Kvb ai‡bi ‡Wwbg wRbm, Zv Avi ejv hvh় bv| eis cwiwnZ
wRbm GLb ‡KejB ‡h‡Kv‡bv ‡k«wY-‡ckvi e¨w³we‡k‡li wbR¯^ i“wP I ‰kjxi cwiPvh়K nh‡় D‡V‡Q|
1920 I 1930-Gi `k‡K ey wRbm‡K ‡ivgvw›UmvBR Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q nwjDW| ‡m mgh় Rb Ih‡়Bb I M¨vwi
Kycv‡ii g‡Zv my`k©b Awf‡bZviv KvDeh় Pwi‡Î Awfbh় Ki‡Zb ‡Wwbg
U«vDRvi c‡i|
GB M¨vgvivm bZyb iƒc bRi KvW‡় ‡mme ‡µZv‡`i,
hviv DB‡KÛmn Ab¨vb¨ QywUi w`‡b mv`vwm‡a, Avivg`vh়K A_P AvKl©Yxh় ‡Kv‡bv
‡cvkv‡Ki mÜvb KiwQj|
Gw`‡K bvixivI wRb‡mi e¨vcv‡i AvM«nx nh‡় I‡V wRbRvi
iRvm© I K¨v‡ivj ‡jv¤^v‡W©i g‡Zv ZviKv‡`i wRbm ci‡Z ‡`‡L| 1930-Gi `k‡K weL¨vZ
g¨vMvwRb '‡fvM'I wRb‡mi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i Aby‡gv`b ‡`h় G‡K 'Ih‡়÷vb© wPK' bv‡g
AvL¨vhw়Z Kivi gva¨‡g|
ZvB ‡Zv 1942 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvb wWRvBbvi ‡K¬h়vi g¨vKKvi‡Wj
Zvi ‡Wwbg ccIfvi i ¨vc ‡W«m wewµ K‡ib 75 nvRv‡iiI ‡ewk wcm|
Z‡e ‡hgbwU Av‡MB e‡jwQ, 1950-Gi `k‡K G‡mB ‡Kej wRb‡mi m‡½ Zi“Y c«Rb¥
wecex, c«_vwe‡ivax fveg~wZ©i mÜvb cvh় gvijb eª¨v‡Ûv
I ‡Rgm wWb‡`i Kj¨v‡Y| GB ZviKv‡`i Kvi‡Y wRb‡mi wecyj ‡hŠbv‡e`bI ‰Zwi nh়| iK 'Gb' ‡ivj
ZviKv‡`i Kvi‡Y wRbm civ 'Kyj' e¨vcviI nh‡় I‡V|
‡Wwbg GLb wek¦e¨vcx me‡Ph‡় Rbwc«h় 'K¨vRyh়vj Ih়¨vi‡W«ve'| 2020
mv‡j ‡Wwbg KvcW‡়i evRvig~j¨ wQj 21 `kwgK 8 wewjh়b Wjvi| Avkv
Kiv n‡”Q, 2026 mvj bvMv` Zv 26 wewjh়b Wjvi QvWw়h‡় hv‡e|
‡Wwbg ev ey wRb‡mi LyPiv wewµ
‡Wwbg BÛvw÷«i me‡Ph‡় g~j¨evb P¨v‡bj| 2027 mvj bvMv` LyPiv
wewµi g~j¨gvb 71 `kwgK 8 wewjh়b Wjv‡i wMh‡় ‡VK‡Z cv‡i| Zv
QvW়v aviYv Kiv
n‡”Q, IB eQi ‰ewk¦K ‡Wwbg wRb‡mi evRv‡ii g~j¨ `vuW়v‡e 87 `kwgK 4
wewjh়b Wjvi|
Pxb GLb we‡k¦ ‡Wwbg KvcW‡়i kxl©
ißvwbKviK| Zviv Aš—Z 85 kZvsk Zyjv w`h‡় ‰Zwi ‡Wwbg
ißvwb K‡i| Zv‡`i ‡Wwb‡g Zyjvi kZvsk LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©, ‡Kbbv GB myZv¸‡jvi e¨vwß
evW়‡e, wKš‘ KL‡bv
msKywPZ n‡e bv|
Gw`‡K Pxb I nsKs me‡Ph‡় ‡ewk ‡Wwbg
KvcW় Avg`vwbI K‡i,
we‡klZ ‡hme ‡Wwbg ‰Zwi nh় 85 kZvs‡ki Kg Zyjv w`h‡়| Ab¨w`‡K wgmi
Aš—Z 85 kZvs‡ki Kg Zyjv w`h‡় ‰ZwiK…Z ‡Wwb‡gi kxl© ißvwbKviK|
GB gyn~‡Z© ‡jwf ÷«‡mi nv‡Z ih‡়‡Q ‰ewk¦K
wRb‡mi evRv‡ii me‡Ph‡় eW় ‡kh়vi| 2020 mv‡j
Zv‡`i wewµ wQj 4 `kwgK 45 wewjh়b Wjvi| 2019 mv‡j ‡jwf ÷«‡mi
wewµi 87 kZvskB wQj ‡jwfm eª¨v‡Ûi AvIZvh়| Ab¨w`‡K 2020
mv‡j wfGd Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi wRb‡mi ‡cvkv‡Ki wewµ wQj 2 `kwgK 1 wewjh়b Wjvi| b_©
‡dm, wU¤^vij¨vÛ I f¨vb‡mi g‡Zv eª¨vÛ¸‡jv ih‡়‡Q Zv‡`i
gvwjKvbvh়|
wRbm ‡h‡nZy Dbwesk kZ‡K evRv‡i P‡j G‡mwQj Ges wesk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS
e¨vcK Rbwc«h়Zv cvIh়v ïi“ K‡i, ZvB
aviYv Kiv hvh়, Avgv‡`i ‡`‡kI wRbm IB mgh‡়B QWw়h‡় cW়‡Z _v‡K| Z‡e
‡Wwbg U«vDRvi Z_v wRbm Zi“Y-hyev‡`i g‡a¨ Rbwc«h় nh‡় D‡VwQj m¤¢eZ
mˇii `k‡Ki ‡kl fv‡M| ‡MvW়v‡Z A‡c¶vK…Z eh়¯‹iv mPivPi
wRbm ci‡Z PvB‡Zb bv, ev”Pv‡`i mvB‡Ri Avi ‡gh‡়‡`i wRbm Lye
myjf wQj bv| Aek¨ cvðvZ¨ avu‡Pi ‡cvkvK ci‡Z Af¨¯’ bh় Ggb ‡gh‡়iv wRbm civi
K_v we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb bv| ‡`‡k ZL‡bv wRb‡mi KvcW় (‡Wwbg)
Drcv`‡bi ‡Kv‡bv d¨v±wi wQj bv e‡j ‡Wwbg ev wRbm meB we‡`k ‡_‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Z
n‡Zv| G Kvi‡Y wRb‡mi `vgUv GKUy ‡ewk cW়Z| we‡µZviv
`vwe Ki‡Zb Ime wRbm bvwK _vBj¨vÛ/Rvcvb/Av‡gwiKv ‡_‡K Avg`vwb Kiv| Avgiv Avm‡j
RvbZvg bv wRbm ‡Kv_v ‡_‡K AvmZ, ZvB Avgv‡`i hv ejv n‡Zv, Avgiv ZvB wek¦vm
KiZvg| `vg we‡ePbvh় _vB wRbm Avgv‡`i cQ›` wQj|
wesk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS e¨vcK Rbwc«h়Zv cvIh়v ïi“ K‡i wRbm|
1983 mv‡j ‡mev c«Kvkbx ‡_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki c«_g Ih‡়÷vb© eBwU ‡ei
nh় KvRx gvneye
‡nv‡m‡bi ‡jLv 'Av‡jh়vi wc‡Q'| j¨yB jvgyi 'Ih‡়÷Ih়vW© `¨ UvBW'
Aej¤^‡b ‡jLv GB eB Avgv‡`i g‡bi e‡b Av¸b jvwMh‡় w`j| Av¸bUv
ïi“‡Z Aí¯^í wQj, c‡i ‡mev ‡_‡K wbh়wgZ Ih‡়÷vb© eB ‡ei nIh়v ïi“ n‡j ‡mUv
`vevb‡j cwiYZ nj| Avgv‡`i a¨vbÁv‡b ZLb ey‡bv cwðg, Mi“i cvj, Lvgvi, ¯^‡Y©i
‡LvuR, ÷¨vwjh়b gvmUvs ‡e BZ¨vw` ‡NvW়v, A¨vcvwP
‡P‡ivwK ‡gv‡hf BZ¨vw` BwÛh়vb, gv_vh় KvDeh় n¨vU, Mvh‡় ‡Wwb‡gi
R¨v‡KU, ‡Kvg‡ii `yB cv‡ki ‡nvj÷v‡i ‡MvuRv `ywU wc¯—j, ci‡b wdU wRbm, hv‡Z
A‡bK¸‡jv c‡KU Avi wi‡fU jvMv‡bv, cvh‡় DuPy wn‡ji
¯úvi jvMv‡bv eyU, nv‡Z j¨v‡mv| ‡mev c«Kvkbxi Ih‡়÷vb©¸‡jv‡Z wKQy
wKQy ‡jLK Avevi GKRb K‡i bvh়K ‰Zwi K‡i wmwiR evbv‡jb; ‡hgb
KvRx gvneye ‡nv‡m‡bi Gidvb ‡Rmvc, iIkb Rvwg‡ji A¨vjvb Imgvb I Imgvb cwiev‡ii
Ab¨iv, ûh়vb K‡U©h mvevwWh়v, Rvwn`
nvmv‡bi g¨v· Ih়vBìvi, kIKZ ‡nv‡m‡bi dª¨vsK k¨vbb,
Avjxg AvwR‡Ri i“d ‡UKb Ggb me| Avgiv g‡b g‡b G‡KKRb ‡mme bvh়K mvwR| ‡h‡nZy
‡NvW়v, wc¯—j,
j¨v‡mv, ¯úvi jvMv‡bv eyU ‡RvMvW় Kiv hv‡e bv, AZGe ‡Wwbg R¨v‡KU,
wRbm Avi KvDeh় n¨vU c‡i ¯^cœc~i‡Yi ‡Póv Kwi| ZLb ‡mev c«Kvkbxi
‡`Lv‡`wL Ab¨ Kh‡়KwU c«Kvkbx ‡_‡KI Ih‡়÷vb© eB ‡ei nIh়v ïi“ n‡jv| Agb
GKUv c«Kvkbx ‡_‡K Ih়vBì wej wnKK‡K wbh‡় wmwiR ‡ei
n‡jv| evsjv fvlvh় Ih‡়÷vb© eBh‡়i c«Kvkbvi d‡j
‡jLK-c«KvkK‡`i ARv‡š—B Zi“Y‡`i g‡a¨ 'wRbm wKb‡ZB n‡e' e¨vcviUv `vuWw়h‡় ‡Mj|
ZL‡bv evsjv‡`‡k Mv‡g©›Umwk‡í wece nh়wb, ZvB
A¨vjvIh‡়‡Ýi ev ÷K j‡Ui
wRbm w`h‡় e½evRvi, XvKv K‡j‡Ri D‡ëv w`‡Ki gv‡K©‡Ui g‡Zv mviv
‡`‡ki Kg `vwg ‡cvkv‡Ki evRvi mh়jve nh়wb| _vb KvcW় wK‡b wRbm
evbv‡bvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i c«_g cQ›` wQj Be«vwng ‡UBjvm© Avi ‡iwW‡gW wRbm ‡Kbvi Rb¨
wbD Gwjd¨v›U ‡iv‡Wi `w¶Y cv‡ki ‡`vKvb¸‡jv, we‡klZ gbmyi feb, wgwbZv cvRv Avi Zvi
KvQvKvwQ gv‡K©U¸‡jv|
UyBj‡K hw` 'MY' (genus) aiv nh়, Zvn‡j ‡Wwbg
Avi KW©ih়‡K Zvi 'c«RvwZ' (species) ejv hvh়| wRbm hLb m‡e
Rbwc«h় nIh়v ïi“ K‡i, ZLb
Zvi `~im¤úwK©Z ÁvwZ fvB KW©ih‡়i Rbwc«h়Zv evsjv‡`‡k
k‰b k‰b MwZ‡Z evW়‡Z _v‡K| mvaviY wnmv‡e `y‡UvB ‡gvUv,
Z‡e KW©ih় ‡gvjvh‡়g| KW©ih‡়i GB ivRZ¡ Lye
‡ewk w`b wUK‡Z cv‡iwb Zvi Mvh‡়i QvjevKj D‡V wMh‡় wew”Qwi iƒc
aviY KiZ e‡j| GB NUbvi c‡i Avwki `k‡Ki ïi“ ‡_‡K evsjv‡`‡k wRb‡mi ‡h AM«hvÎv ïi“
n‡jv, Zv ‡gvUvgywU Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q| Gi gv‡S KUb K¨vbfvm, KUb A·‡dvW©, M¨vevwW©b
BZ¨vw` A‡bK wKQy G‡m‡Q, hvi ‡ewki fvM Aí mgh‡় we`vh় wbh‡়‡Q wKš‘ wRb‡mi
Ae¯’vb ‡gvUvgywU Ae¨h়, A¶h় Av‡Q| c«_g
c«_g ïay ‡Wwb‡gi U«vDRvi ev wRbm cvIh়v ‡hZ| Gic‡i
Av‡¯— Av‡¯— ‡Wwb‡gi kvU©, R¨v‡KU, ¯‹vU© Avmv ïi“ Kij| Avgiv Gi me¸‡jv‡K h_vµ‡g
wRb‡mi c¨v›U, kvU©, R¨v‡KU, ¯‹vU© ejZvg| ‡Wwb‡gi K¨vc Avi e¨vM G‡m‡Q AviI A‡bK
c‡i, ZZ w`‡b evsjv‡`‡k ‡Rv‡i‡kv‡i ‡Wwbg Drcv`b ïi“ nh‡় ‡M‡Q| c«_g
c«_g wRbm cvIh়v ‡hZ ïayB Nb bxj i‡Oi| Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS nvjKv
bxj, mv`v, Kv‡jv i‡Oi wRbmI cvIh়v ïi“ n‡jv| Zvi
mv‡_ ïi“ n‡jv ‡÷vbIh়vkW, A¨vwmWIh়vkW, wePW, ‡dBW wRb‡mi g‡Zv bvbv iK‡gi ‡dwe«K wU«U‡g›U Avi wicW wRb‡mi ivRZ¡|
‡hw`b ‡_‡K e½evRvi ev ‡`vRv gv‡K©‡Ui g‡Zv Rvh়Mvh় fv‡jv gv‡bi
wRbm cvIh়v hvIh়v ïi“ n‡jv,
‡mw`b ‡_‡K evsjv‡`‡k wRb‡mi weRh়hvÎv ïi“ n‡jv;
Avi ‡hw`b ‡_‡K evsjv‡`‡k ‡Wwbg Drcv`b ïi“ n‡jv, ‡mw`b ‡_‡K wRbm AbwZµgYxh় Ae¯’v‡b ‡cŠu‡Q
‡Mj|
IB mgh‡় GKevi GKRb e‡jwQ‡jb, wRbm n‡”Q Kywj‡`i
‡cvkvK| Zvi GB Dw³‡Z wRb‡mi ‡Ph‡় Kywj‡`i c«wZ
AeÁvUv ‡ewk wQj| wRb‡mi BwZnvm cW়‡j k«gRxex
gvby‡li mv‡_ wRb‡mi m¤úK©Uv Rvbv hvh়| Avgiv k«gRxex
gvbyl‡`i AeÁv Kivi ‡hgb ‡Kv‡bv KviY Lyu‡R cvBwb, ‡Zgb wRbm‡KI ‡QvU K‡i ‡`Lvi
‡Kv‡bv KviY ‡`wLwb| wRbm A‡c¶vK…Z m¯—v, Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e ‡ewk ‡UKmB Ges Kg ay‡j
P‡j e‡j Gi Rbwc«h়Zv e¨vcK| G‡Z DbœvwmK ‡jvKRb wRbm wbh‡় GKUy wec‡` cW‡় hvb| ‡K, K‡e
we‡`k ‡_‡K `vwg wRbm G‡b ‡`‡e Z‡e ci‡e – GgbUv Zv‡`i ‡cvlvw”Qj bv| ‡`‡k Avg`vwb
mnRxKiY n‡j evRv‡i wjfvBm, GmKvWv, ¸w”P, Wj‡P A¨vÛ M¨vevbvi g‡Zv `vwg e«v‡Ûi
wRbm cvIh়v ïi“ n‡j Dbœvwm‡Kiv nvud ‡QW‡় evuP‡jb| N‡i
N‡i wRbm cwiavb ïi“ n‡j wKQy A™¢yZ mgm¨vi D™¢e nh়| gh়jv wRbm ‡avIh়vi Rb¨ cvwb‡Z
wfRv‡j ‡mwU ‡ek fvix nh‡় hvh়, d‡j gvh‡়iv cy·`i wRbm
ay‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| M…nKg©x‡`i g‡a¨ ‡KD ‡KD bvwK mßv‡n Kh়Uv wRbm ay‡Z
n‡e ‡mUv ‡R‡b cvwik«wg‡Ki nvi wba©viY Ki‡Zb| cvW়vi jwÛ«¸‡jv
ch©š— c«_g c«_g ey‡S DV‡Z cviwQj bv wRbm ‡avh়vi PvR© Kx
mvaviY U«vDRvi ‡avh়vi Pv‡R©i mgvb n‡e wK bv| AwP‡iB ‡jv‡K
wRbm‡K ‡g‡b wb‡j Gme mgm¨vi mgvavb nh‡় hvh়|
wRÝ c¨v‡›U Kh‡়b c‡K‡Ui wK `iKvi ?
nvj d¨vk‡bi Ab¨Zg Abyl½ wRÝ c¨v›U| ‡Q‡jiv ‡hgb wRÝ c¨v›U c‡i, ‡Zgwb
‡gh‡়ivI wRÝ c¨v›U
cQ›` K‡i|
Avgiv A‡b‡KB nh়‡Zv ‡Lh়vj K‡iwQ wRÝ
c¨v‡›Ui mvg‡bi c‡K‡Ui Ic‡ii As‡k ‡QvU Av‡iKwU c‡KU _v‡K| ‡KD-‡KD nh়‡Zv wb‡R‡`i
Af¨vm, i“wP Abyhvh়x G‡Z LyPiv ch়mv ev ‡QvULv‡Uv
wRwbm iv‡Lb| A‡b‡KB GB c‡KU‡K Kh‡়b c‡KUI e‡jb ev
‡f‡e _v‡Kb| wKš‘ ‡ewki fvM gvbyl GB c‡KU nh়‡Zv e¨enviB
K‡ib bv| KviY, c‡KUUv GZB ‡QvU ‡h G‡Z we‡kl ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ‡Kv‡bv wKQy ivLv m¤¢e bh়|
Zv n‡j ‡Kb GB c‡KU, GwU ivLvi inm¨UvB ev Kx? ‡bU ‡Nu‡U Rvbv ‡M‡Q,
AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki w`‡K cvðv‡Z¨i ivLvj (KvD eh়) evjKiv wRÝ
c¨v›U ci‡Zb, Avi Zvi m‡½ ‡PBb ‡`Ih়v NWw় e¨envi Ki‡Zb|
ZLbKvi mgh‡় GB NWw়i ‡ek c«Pjb
wQj|
GB KvD eh়iv c«avbZ Zv‡`i NWw় ivL‡Zv Zv‡`i
Ih‡়÷‡Kv‡U| wKš‘
Ih‡়÷‡Kv‡U ivLvi
d‡j A‡bK mgh‡়B NWw় ‡f‡O hvIh়vi fh় _vK‡Zv| g~jZ,
NWw়‡K myiw¶Z ivLvi
Rb¨ ‡mmgh় ‡_‡KB wR‡Ýi c¨v‡›U GB c‡K‡Ui Avwef©ve| ‡Kvg‡ii
‡e‡ëi m‡½ Sywjh‡় GB c‡K‡U NWw় ivL‡j NWw় ‡f‡O hvIh়vi fh় _vK‡Zv bv|
d‡j, e¨vcKfv‡e c¨v‡›U GB c‡K‡Ui c«Pjb ïi“ nh়| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b
Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b Aek¨ ‡mB NWw়i c«Pjb GK`g K‡g ‡M‡Q| Z‡e HwZn¨
eRvh় ‡i‡L GLbI wRÝ
c¨v‡›U ‡QvÆ c‡KUwU ivLv nh়|
Avcbvi wRb‡mi ‡cQ‡b ‡j`vi c¨vP _v‡K ‡Kb ?
‡m‡fbwUb g¨vMvwRb m~Î ej‡Q, wRb‡m jvMv‡bv GB ‡j`vi c¨vP‡K ejv nh় ÔR¨vµbmÕ| 1873
mv‡j d¨vkb eª¨vÛ ‡jwf Zv‡`i ‡Wwb‡g me©c«_g R¨vµbm-Gi c«Pjb K‡i|
d¨vk‡bi RM‡Z AwZ cwiwPZ GK bvg ‡Wwbg ev wRbm| wRbm hZ c«Kvi, mvBR ev
ish‡়iB ‡nvK bv ‡Kb;
wRbm civi mgh় Gi ‡Kvg‡ii ‡cQb w`‡K jvMv‡bv ‡j`vi c¨vP wbðh়B Avcbvi `…wó
GW়vh়wb? KL‡bv ‡f‡e
‡`‡L‡Qb wK mvBR ev KvcW‡়i aib Rvbv‡bv QvW়vI GB ‡j`vi
c¨vP emv‡bvi Avi ‡Kv‡bv KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i wKbv?
wKš‘ mwZ¨Uv n‡jv, GB ‡j`vi c¨vP emv‡bvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ e¨emvhw়K c«PviYv|
‡m‡fbwUb g¨vMvwRb m~Î ej‡Q, wRb‡m jvMv‡bv GB ‡j`vi c¨vP‡K ejv nh় 'R¨vµbm'| 1873
mv‡j d¨vkb eª¨vÛ ‡jwf Zv‡`i ‡Wwb‡g me©c«_g R¨vµbm-Gi c«Pjb K‡i| ‡jwf'i GKRb
HwZnvwmK Rvbvb, ‡m mgh় ‡µZv‡`i bKj wRbm wK‡b VKv ‡_‡K evuPv‡Z
wRb‡m R¨vµbm jvMv‡bv n‡Zv|
wZwb e‡jb, "wRb‡m jvMv‡bv ‡j`vi c¨vPwU ‡`‡LB ‡µZviv ey‡S wb‡Zv
‡h Zviv m‡e©v”P gvbm¤úbœ ‡jwf wRbmB wKb‡Q| GgbwK hviv Awkw¶Z wQj ev we‡`wk
fvlvh় K_v ej‡Zv,
ZvivI ‡jwfi weL¨vZ `yB ‡NvW়vi wPýIh়vjv ‡U«WgvK©
‡`‡L Avmj ‡jwfi cY¨ Px‡b ‡dj‡Zv|" Z‡e GKmgh় GB ‡j`vi c¨vP
Avmj ‡j`vi ev PvgW়v w`h‡় ‰Zwi n‡jI,
eZ©gv‡b eª¨vÛ¸‡jv d· ‡j`vi ev KvMR w`h‡় R¨vµbm ‰Zwi
Ki‡Q|
eª¨v‡Ûi cwiwPwZ QvW়v ‡h‡nZy Avi ‡Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ ‡bB,
ZvB ‡jwfi ‡Wwb‡gi R¨vµbm ‡h ev`vwgiOv n‡eB, ‡m e¨vcv‡i ‡Kv‡bv m‡›`n ‡bB| GKB
mv‡_ R¨vµb‡mi gva¨‡g 1873 mvj ‡_‡K GLb ch©š— ‡h ¯§vU© c«PviYv Pvwjh‡়‡Q ‡jwf, Zv
Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i wewµevÆv evWw়h‡় w`‡ZI mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q|
‡jwf'i ‡_‡K Aby‡c«iYv wbh‡়‡Q Ggb eª¨v‡Ûi
msL¨v Kg bh়| GLbKvi c«wZwU wRb‡mB R¨¨vµbm ‡Zv _vK‡eB, ‡KD ‡KD
eis c«PviYvi ‡¶‡Î AviI GK avc GwMh‡় hv‡”Qb| m¤ú«wZ
d¨vkb eª¨vÛ Av‡gwiKvb CMj ‡NvlYv w`h‡়‡Q, wbDBh়‡K© Zv‡`i G B
÷ywWI‡Z wMh‡় ‡µZviv Zv‡`i cQ›`g‡Zv is,bKkv-G‡¤^v‡mi R¨vµbm
Kv÷gvBR K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡eb| eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi G ai‡bi D‡`¨vMB c«gvY ‡`h় ‡h, R¨vµbmI
wRbm d¨vk‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU Ask|
ewjDW cvW়vh় wR‡Ýi DÌvb
1980-i `k‡K| Gi Av‡M GB BÛvw÷«‡Z ‡Wwbg wR‡Ýi GB igigv wQj bv| 1960 I 1970-Gi
`k‡Ki ‡Kv‡bv Qwe‡ZB GKUvI bxj wRÝ ev ‡Wwbg R¨v‡K‡Ui ‡`Lv cvIh়v ‡hZ bv| A_P
GLb wRÝ QvW়v ewjD‡Wi ‡Kv‡bv wm‡bgvi K_v ‡hb KíbvB Kiv hvh় bv| ejv P‡j,
ewjDW nh‡় D‡V‡Q wR‡Ýi ‡dwiIh়vjv|
wRÝ QvW়v ewjD‡Wi ‡Kv‡bv wm‡bgvi K_v ‡hb KíbvB
Kiv hvh় bv| Awf‡bZviv
‡Zv c‡ibB, GgbwK Awf‡bÎxivI wRÝ QvW়v nvwRi nb bv
ewjD‡Wi ‡Kv‡bv wm‡bgvh়|
ewjDW cvW়vh় wR‡Ýi GB DÌvb
1980-i `k‡K| Gi Av‡M GB BÛvw÷«‡Z ‡Wwbg wR‡Ýi GB igigv wQj bv| 1960 I 1970-Gi
`k‡Ki ‡Kv‡bv Qwe‡ZB GKUvI bxj wRÝ ev ‡Wwbg R¨v‡K‡Ui ‡`Lv cvIh়v ‡hZ bv|
Avwk I beŸBh‡়i `k‡K fvi‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z cwieZ©b Avm‡Z
_v‡K| GB A_©‰bwZK iƒcvš—‡ii nvZ a‡iB ewjDwW Pjw”P‡Î c«‡ek N‡U ‡Wwbg I wR‡Ýi|
Gici ‡_‡K GB BÛvw÷«i Rb¨ wRÝ nh‡় D‡V‡Q kix‡ii
Awe‡”Q`¨ A‡½i g‡Zv|
G‡Kev‡i ïi“ ‡_‡KB Kw÷Dg wQj Pjw”P‡Îi Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© A½| `k©K‡`i
‡Pv‡Li c«kvwš—i Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L Kw÷Dg|
wnw›` Pjw”P‡Îi cyi“l Awf‡bZviv—bvh়K ev ZviKvi I
wKQy cvk¦©PwiΗwm‡bgvh় ‡Wwbg wRÝ I R¨v‡KU ci‡Z ïi“ K‡ib mˇii
`k‡Ki gvSvgvwS bvMv`| IB `k‡Ki ‡kl w`K ‡_‡K bvix ZviKvivI G ‡cvkvK ci‡Z Avi¤¢
K‡ib| ‡h‡nZy `vg nv‡Zi bvMv‡jB wQj, ZvB fviZxh় ga¨weˇ`i Kv‡Q
G ‡cvkvK e¨vcK Rbwc«h় nh‡় I‡V|
wRÝ hLb c«_g Avwef©~Z nh়, ZLb GwU wQj
Pjw”P‡Îi Pwiθ‡jvi bZyb cwiPh় I mvgvwRK MwZkxjZvi c«ZxK|
wR‡Ýi AvMg‡bi m‡½B ewjD‡Wi g~javivi Pjw”P‡Î cwieZ©b Av‡m| DÌvb N‡U A¨vKkbag©x
Pjw”P‡Îi| ewjD‡Wi e‡`Šj‡Z wRÝ nh‡় I‡V mgv‡Ri
wb‡Pi ¯—‡ii gvbyl‡`i, A_©vr mve-Aëvb©‡`i ‡cvkvK|
m¨yU I `wR©i nv‡Z evbv‡bv ‡cvkvK wQj AwfRvZ‡`i ‡cvkvK| wKš‘ wRÝ
G‡Kev‡iB mvaviY gvby‡li| Kv‡RB wRÝ nh‡় I‡V AwfRvZ
ebvg mve-Aëvb©‡`i cv_©K¨ dywUh‡় ‡Zvjvi c«ZxK| bvh়Kiv wRÝ ci‡Z
Avi¤¢ Ki‡jI, ‡m mgv‡Ri ‡h‡Kv‡bv ¯—‡ii c«wZwbwaB n‡Z cviZ| ‡hgb, 1975 mv‡ji
wm‡bgv '‡kv‡j'‡Z a‡g©›`«‡K ‡`Lv hvh় ‡Wwbg I wRÝ
civ GK bvh়‡Ki iƒ‡c—‡mB bvh়K wQuP‡K Acivax
‡_‡K cwiYZ nh‡়wQj AvBKwbK wn‡iv‡Z|
cyi“l‡`i Rb¨ wRÝ wQj ‡m«d bZyb ÷vB‡ji ‡cvkvK| Z‡e ewjD‡Wi bvix
Awf‡bÎx‡`i Rb¨ wRÝ nh‡় I‡V fviZxh় ÷vB‡ji ‡Ph‡় G‡Kev‡iB wfbœ
I bZyb avivi ‡cvkvK| c«_gw`‡K bvix‡`i c«Kv‡k¨ wRÝ c‡i Ny‡i ‡eW়v‡bv‡K fv‡jv
‡Pv‡L ‡`Lv n‡Zv bv| bvix‡`i wRÝ civi c«wZ GB `…wófw½ e`jv‡Z A‡bKUv mgh় ‡j‡M hvh়| c«_‡g mgv‡Ri
D”PweË bvix‡`i wRÝ civ wbh‡় ms¯‹vi `~i nh়| Z‡e mvaviY
¯—‡ii bvix‡`i wRÝ civ wbh‡় ‡bwZevPK aviYv ‡_‡KB hvh়|
ewjD‡Wi wm‡bgvh় bvix‡`i wRÝ civ wbh‡় U¨vey fvOvi
KvR ïi“ K‡ib cviwfb ewe I wRbvZ Avgv‡bi g‡Zv bvhw়Kviv| mËi I
Avwki `k‡Ki wm‡bgvh় Zviv evD‡Ri m‡½ wRÝ ci‡Zb| Zv‡`i GB Kw÷Dg evQvB c«_vMZ bvhw়Kvi msÁv ax‡i
ax‡i e`‡j w`‡Z _v‡K| d¨vk‡bi Rb¨ AbyKiYxh় nh‡় I‡Vb GB
Awf‡bÎxiv| mvaviY bvix-cyi“‡li d¨vkb-AvBKb nh‡় I‡Vb GB bvhw়Kviv| wR‡Ýi
Rbwc«h়Zv GgbB Zy‡½
I‡V ‡h 1998 mv‡j Zvwgj fvlvh় 'wRÝ' bv‡gi GKwU wm‡bgvB evwbh‡় ‡djv nh়| ‡mB Qwe‡Z
bvhw়Kvi f~wgKvh় wQ‡jb Hk¦wih়v ivh়|
Z‡e GKmgh় aviYv wQj, wm‡bgvh় bvhw়Kv‡`i wRÝ cwih‡় nvwRi Kiv nh় Zv‡`i ‡hŠb
Av‡e`bgh়x iƒ‡c Zy‡j aivi
Rb¨| GgbwK 2002 mv‡j w`wjø wek¦we`¨vjh় QvÎx‡`i wRÝ
civ wbwl×I K‡i|
Z‡e Gme IRi-AvcwË wR‡Ýi Rbwc«h়Zv‡K `wgh‡় ivL‡Z cv‡iwb|
bM‡ii ga¨weË ‡k«wYi bvix‡`i g‡a¨ µ‡gB Rbwc«h় ‡eW‡়‡Q GB ‡cvkv‡Ki|
ewjD‡Wi wm‡bgvh় wR݇K KLbI KLbI mvs¯‹…wZK Dcwb‡ek
we¯—v‡ii nvwZh়vi wn‡m‡eI ‡`Lv‡bv nh‡়‡Q| gayi
fvÛviK‡ii wm‡bgv 'd¨vkb'-G D‡V G‡m‡Q GB w_g| wR‡Ýi ‡dwiIh়vjv ewjDW bvix ZviKv‡`i ci‡b wRÝ GLb mevi ‡PvL mIh়v nh‡় G‡m‡Q| GwU
wm‡bgvi Kw÷D‡g wR݇K ‡g‡b ‡bIh়vi c«ZxK|
Z‡e ewjD‡Wi wm‡bgvh় GLb 'weÁvc‡b'i Rb¨ wR݇K e¨envi
Kiv n‡”Q my‡KŠk‡j| wnw›` wm‡bgvi Mvb nh‡় D‡V‡Q ‡cvkvK
c‡Y¨i weÁvc‡bi Rvh়Mv| mÄh় Mvawfi wm‡bgv
'ayg 2'-Gi ïi“i Mv‡bB üwZ¡K ‡ivkb‡K ‡`Lv hvh় wicW wRÝ c‡i
bvP‡Z| dvivn Lv‡bi 'Ig kvwš— Ig' wm‡bgvh়
'`v`©-G-wW‡¯‹v' Mv‡b kvni“L Lvb‡K Aš—Z PviwU wRÝ c‡i bvP‡Z ‡`Lv hvh়| GB Mv‡bi
Av‡MB kvni“L Lvb‡K GKwU myBwgs cyj ‡_‡K ïay wRÝ civ Ae¯’vh় D‡V Avm‡Z ‡`wL
Avgiv|
cyi“l Awf‡bZv‡`i w`h‡় Lvwj Mvh‡় ïay wRÝ cwih‡় weÁvcbx
c«PviYv Pvjv‡bv GLb ewjD‡W wbh়wgZ NUbv nh‡় D‡V‡Q| ewjDW
ZviKv Rb Ave«vnvg wRÝ eª¨vÛ i ¨vsjv‡ii weÁvcb K‡i‡Qb ïay wRÝ c‡i| Av‡iK ZviKv
A¶h় Kygvi 2008
‡jwf-i wR‡Ýi c«PviYvh় Ask ‡bIh়vi Rb¨ 15 jvL
gvwK©b Wjvi cvwik«wgK ‡bb| GB weÁvcbx c«PviYvi Rb¨ we¯—i mgv‡jvbvi wkKviI nb G
ZviKv|
Gme weÁvc‡b cyi“l ZviKv‡`i wRÝ cwih‡় bvix‡`i Kv‡Q
Av‡e`bgh় iƒ‡c Zy‡j aivi
‡Póv Kiv nh়| A_©vr wR݇K Zy‡j aivi ‡Póv Kiv nh় ‡hŠb-D‡ËRK
‡cvkvK wn‡m‡e|
‡`Lv hv‡”Q, ewjDW ‡h ïay wR݇K Kw÷D‡gi Awe‡”Q`¨ AskB K‡i Zy‡j‡Q Zv
bh়—eis GB BÛ«vw÷
wb‡RB ‡b‡g cW‡়‡Q wewfbœ eª¨v‡Ûi wRÝ wewµ‡Z| ïay wK wRÝ? wR݇K
Abyl½ K‡i GB BÛvw÷« wewµ Ki‡Q ‡hŠbv‡e`b Ges wm‡bgvI|
mˇii `k‡K ewjD‡W Avwef©ve| Gici g~javivi wnw›` wm‡bgvh় wRÝ wb‡R‡K
c«wZwôZ K‡i‡Q Awbevh© Abyl½ wn‡m‡e| GLb ewjD‡Wi wm‡bgvh় bvh়K-bvhw়Kv Dfh‡়B ‡``vi‡m wRÝ
c‡ib| me ai‡bi wRÝ civ nh় GLb GB BÛvw÷«‡Z| wRÝ nh‡় D‡V‡Q eû ewjDW
Kw÷Dg wWRvBbv‡ii Avh‡়i c«avb Drm|
fvi‡Z wR݇K AvaywbKZvi c«ZxK wn‡m‡e c«wZwôZ Ki‡Z me‡Ph‡় ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
f~wgKv ‡i‡L‡Q ewjDW| Awf‡bZv‡`i kixi `k©K‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vc‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Dcv`vb nh‡় D‡V‡Q GB ‡cvkvK| Awf‡bZv‡`i wm‡bgvi ‡mU Ges e¨w³MZ
msM«nkvjv, `yB Rvh়Mv‡ZB m‡MŠi‡e ¯’vb K‡i wbh‡়‡Q wRÝ, hv Avi
‡Kv‡bv ‡cvkv‡Ki c‡¶ m¤¢e nh়wb| Gfv‡eB ewjDW nh‡় D‡V‡Q wR‡Ýi
‡dwiIh়vjv|
bZyb c«hyw³i e¨env‡i MZvbyMwZ‡Ki Zyjbvh় Drcv`b LiPI
c«vh় 30 kZvsk ch©š—
Kg‡e e‡j Rvwbh‡়‡Qb ‡cvkvK wkí gvwjKiv| DbœZ c«hyw³
e¨env‡i Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g ¸YMZ gv‡bi cvkvcvwk c‡Y¨i g~jgvb evW়v‡bvi cwiKíbv
Ki‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki ‡Wwbg I ‡cvkvK c«¯—yZKvixiv|
GgbwK wKQy‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`kB n‡e AZ¨vaywbK Gme c«hyw³i c«_g e¨enviKvix|
bZyb c«hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ cvwb I ivmvh়wbK c`v‡_©i
e¨envi Kwgh‡় AviI cwi‡ek-evÜe Dcvh‡় cY¨ Ih়vk Kiv m¤¢e
n‡e| A‡bK‡¶‡Î c«hyw³ ms¯’v¸‡jv evsjv‡`k‡K Zv‡`i evwYwR¨K Kvh©µ‡gi mn‡hvMx
wn‡m‡e ‡e‡Q wbh‡়‡Q e‡j Rvwbh‡়‡Qb mswkøóiv|
m¤ú«wZ we‡k¦i c«_g GjBBwW c¨vwUbvg mvwU©dvBW ‡Wwbg Drcv`bKvix Gbfh় ‡U·UvBjm wjwg‡UW c«_g ‡_‡K
‡UKmB cwi‡ekevÜe ‡U·UvBj c«hyw³ wbh‡় KvR Kiv
¯ú¨vwbk c«wZôvb wR‡bvjwRh়v GmG‡ji m‡½ GKwU AZ¨vaywbK B‡Kv-j¨ve
¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Pyw³ ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q|
c«wZôv‡bi g‡Z, cwi‡ekevÜe j¨ve ¯’vcb Ki‡Z c«v_wgKfv‡e 12 gv‡mi Rb¨
`yB jvL 70 nvRvi BD‡iv LiP n‡e, hv wbh়wgZ nvjbvMv`
Kivi c«h‡়vRb cW়‡e|
mswkøó‡`i g‡Z, Pyw³i D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ‡hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g ‡Wwbg
wkí-c«wZôvb‡K iƒcvš—‡ii gva¨‡g ‡UKmB I D™¢vebx e¨e¯’vcbvh় wek¦e¨vcx
`…óvš— ¯’vcb Kiv| Gbfh় ‡U·UvBjm wjwg‡U‡Wi ‡Ph়vig¨vb
KyZyeDÏxb Avn‡g` e‡jb, G ai‡bi evwYwR¨K j¨ve we‡k¦ GUvB c«_g|
Kg Li‡PB ‡UKmB cY¨ Drcv`‡b GB j¨ve mvnvh¨ Ki‡e Rvwbh‡় wZwb e‡jb,
'‡µZviv AviI ‡UKmB ‡Wwb‡gi mÜvb Ki‡Qb| Zv‡`i Pvwn`vi K_v gv_vh় ‡i‡LB Avgiv
B‡Kv-j¨ve ¯’vcb Kie| ‡ek e¨h়eûj c`‡¶c n‡jI GwU Drcv`b e¨h় Kwgh‡় Avb‡Z mvnvh¨
Ki‡e| GKBm‡½ ‡µZvivI Gai‡bi c‡Y¨i Rb¨ ‡ewk `vg w`‡Z c«¯—yZ _vK‡eb'|
KyZyeDÏxb Avn‡g‡`i K_vi cybive…wË K‡i c¨vwmwdK wRbm wjwg‡U‡Wi
e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK ‰mh়` ‡gvnv¤§` Zvbfxi e‡jb, 'Avgiv me©e…nr
‡Wwbg Drcv`bKvix wn‡m‡e ‡Wwbg wk‡íi me©vaywbK c«hyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Z P‡jwQ| we‡k¦i
c«wZwôZ ‡Wwbg c«hyw³ wbh‡় KvR Kiv ‡`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ ‡c«v‡UvUvBc nh‡় IVvi GUvB
my‡hvM'|
'Avgv‡`i wdWe¨v‡Ki Ici wfwË K‡i GB c«hyw³¸‡jvi evwYwR¨K ms¯‹iY Avbv
nh‡়‡Q,' e‡jb
Zvbfxi| DbœZgv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`bKvix c«wZôvb wn‡m‡e WvP d¨vkb eª¨vÛ wR-÷vi i
c«wZeQi evsjv‡`k ‡_‡K 20 wgwjh়b Wjvi mgg~‡j¨i c«vh় 10 jvL wRÝ
msM«n K‡i e‡j Rvbvb c«wZôvbwUi AvÂwjK Kvh©µg e¨e¯’vcK kwdDi ingvb|‡Wwbg evRv‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki AviI Ic‡i DVvi e¨vcK m¤¢vebv ih‡়‡Q, ‡h‡nZy
Avgv‡`i ‡`k AwaKvsk ‡¶‡Î Kg `vgx wRbm Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|
weMZ 10 eQi a‡i GKgvÎ evsjv‡`wk ‡Wwbg ißvwbKviK wn‡m‡e WvP d¨vkb
eª¨v‡Ûi m‡½ KvR Ki‡Q ‡R‡bwmm ‡Wwbg| c«wZôvbwUi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK gywbi Avn‡g`
D”Pgv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`‡bi AwfÁZvi K_v ‡kh়vi K‡ib|
‡µZv‡`i Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wKQy Awfbe c«hyw³ e¨envi ïi“ Kivi K_v Rvwbh‡় wZwb e‡jb,
'c‡Y¨i ÷vBj, Ih়vk I K¨vwg‡Kj e¨env‡ii ‡¶‡Î eª¨v‡Ûi
kZ©¸‡jv ‡ek RwUj wQj e‡j Avgv‡`i ïi“Uv wQj ‡ek KwVb'|
'GK ‡RvW়v c¨v›U evbv‡Z ïi“‡Z Avgv‡`i mvZ w`‡bi
g‡Zv mgh় wb‡Z nh‡়wQj| wKš‘ GLb
Avgiv eª¨v‡Ûi cQ›`-AcQ›` Ges d¨vk‡bi bv›`wbKZv¸‡jv eyS‡Z cviwQ,' e‡jb wZwb| GK
‡RvW়v ‡Wwbg c¨v‡›Ui
Rb¨ wR ÷vi i 35 Wjvi ch©š— w`h‡় _v‡K, ‡hLv‡b wbgœgv‡bi ‡Wwbg
ißvwbKviKiv MW‡় gvÎ 6 Wjv‡ii g‡Zv ‡ch‡় _v‡Kb|
c¨vwmwdK wRb‡mi nvZ a‡i ïi“ nh় ‡Kvh়vwjwU ‡Wwbg
ißvwb, PÆM«vg Bwc‡R‡Wi wkí-c«wZôvb c¨vwmwdK wRb‡mi c«wZôvZv c«h়vZ bvwmi DÏx‡bi
nvZ K‡i evsjv‡`‡k ‡Kvh়vwjwU ‡Wwbg ißvwbi hvÎv ïi“|
1984 mv‡j Gb‡RWGb d¨vkbIh়¨vi bv‡g ‡QvU
GKwU KviLvbvh় ‡Wwbg Drcv`b ïi“ n‡jI ZLb ‡`‡k ‡Kv‡bv Ih়vwks c¨v›U wQj bv| jwÛ«i KvR¸‡jv BZvwj‡Z Ki‡Z n‡Zv| GK eQi ci Zviv BZvwji ‡µZvi mn‡hvwMZvh় ‡`‡k Ih়vwks c¨v›U ¯’vcb K‡i|
¯’vbxh় Lv‡Z wewbh‡়vM
ißvwb evRv‡i ‡Wwbg KvcW‡়i Pvwn`v
we‡ePbvh় ‡U·UvBj Lv‡Zi
wØZxh় c«R‡b¥i
D‡`¨v³v e¨vwi÷vi Avwbmyj Bmjvg gvngy` 1998 mv‡j myBm-Rvg©vb c«wZôvb ‡ewbbRv‡ii
c«hyw³ e¨envi K‡i ‡Wwb‡gi Rb¨ we‡klvhw়Z KviLvbv mvkv
‡Wwbg ¯’vcb K‡ib| c«wZôvbwUi hvÎv ïi“i Av‡M AviI `y‡Uv ‡Wwbg c«¯—yZKviK ‡e½j
BbwW‡Mv I ‡ew·g‡Kv ‡Wwbg Drcv`b Ki‡jI Zv wQj ¯’vbxh় evRv‡ii Rb¨|
2008 mv‡j Gbfh় ‡U·UvBjm evsjv‡`‡k c«_g evwYwR¨Kfv‡e
‡ivc WvBW c«hyw³ e¨envi K‡i evwYwR¨K Drcv`b ïi“ K‡i| `ª“Z weKv‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q
`…X় e¨vKIh়vW© wjs‡KR
¯’vbxh় e¨vKIh়vW© wjs‡K‡Ri
Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki ‡Wwbg wRbm Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡ii kxl© ch©vh‡় ‡cŠu‡Q|
A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi wX‡gZv‡j Pj‡jI ‡Wwbg wRbm c«e…w× i¶v Ki‡Z m¶g e‡j Rvwbh‡়‡Q KviLvbv
mswkøóiv|
'‡h‡nZy GZ AvKl©Yxh় g~‡j¨ I Kg mgh‡় Ab¨ ‡Kv_vI
‡_‡K ‡Wwbg cvIh়v m¤¢e bh়, ‡m‡¶‡Î
A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ AviI fv‡jv n‡j ‡µZviv evsjv‡`‡k AviI µh়v‡`k wbh‡় Avm‡e,' e‡jb
Gbfh় ‡U·UvBj‡mi ‡Ph়vig¨vb
KyZyeDÏxb Avn‡g`|
my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡bv ‡_‡K GLbI weiZ Av‡Qb A‡b‡KB, ‡Wwbg ißvwbKviK‡`i
mvg‡b gvbm¤úbœ Ih়v‡ki gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i g~j¨ bZyb D”PZvh় wbh‡় hvIh়vi my‡hvM
_vK‡jI AwaKvsk ißvwbKviKB GLbI ‡mB my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡”Qb bv|
Abš— A¨vcv‡ij‡mi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK kixd Rvwni e‡jb, 'g~jZ `xN© mgh‡়i Kvi‡YB ‡µZviv
nvB-‡fj¨y ‡Wwbg c¨v‡›Ui Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡Qb bv'| 'Avgv‡`i AwaKvsk ‡Wwbg
c«¯—yZKvix wbgœ ‡_‡K ga¨g gv‡bi wRbm Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| hviv D”P gv‡bi wRbm Drcv`b
Ki‡Q Zv‡`i Zyi¯‹, Pxb I cvwK¯—vb ‡_‡K KvcW় Avg`vwb Ki‡Z
n‡e,' e‡jb wZwb|
kw³kvjx e¨vKIh়vW© wjs‡K‡Ri Kvi‡Y ¯^ímgh‡় Drcv`b Ges Kg
`v‡g ‡cvkvK wK‡b gybvdv ‰Zwii my‡hvM _vKvh় evsjv‡`k ‡Wwbg
‡cvkv‡Ki AvKl©Yxh় Dr‡m cwiYZ nh‡়‡Q|
gy`«vùxwZi Kvi‡Y ‡fv³v‡`i Pvwn`v K‡g hvIh়vh় hy³ivó« ‰Zwi
‡cvkvK Avg`vwb Kgv‡jI ‡`kwU‡Z ‡Wwbg ißvwb‡Z evsjv‡`k GLbI wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb a‡i
‡i‡L‡Q|
PjwZ eQ‡ii c«_g AvU gv‡m (Rvbyh়vwi-AvM÷)
evsjv‡`k hy³iv‡ó« 639 wgwjh়b Wjvi g~‡j¨i ‡Wwbg cY¨ ißvwb
K‡i‡Q| hy³iv‡ó«i wWcvU©‡g›U Ae Kgv‡m©i ‡U·UvBj A¨vÛ A¨vcv‡ij Awdm (I‡U·v)
Abymv‡i Av‡Mi eQ‡ii Zyjbvh় PjwZ eQ‡ii c«e…w× 46.37 kZvsk
‡eW‡়‡Q|
LvZ mswkøóiv ej‡Qb, kw³kvjx e¨vKIh়vW© wjs‡K‡Ri
Kvi‡Y ¯^ímgh‡় Drcv`b Ges Kg `v‡g ‡cvkvK wK‡b gybvdv ‰Zwii my‡hvM
_vKvh় evsjv‡`k ‡Wwbg
‡cvkv‡Ki AvKl©Yxh় Dr‡m cwiYZ nh‡়‡Q|
gvwK©b ‡µZviv GLbI evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡Q KviY GLv‡b Zviv Kg `v‡g ‡Wwbg
Mv‡g©›Um wKb‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡YB evsjv‡`k ‡cvkvK ißvwb Lv‡Z AvwacZ¨ a‡i ivL‡Z
cvi‡Q|
¯’vbxh় e¨vKIh়vW© wjs‡KR ev
KvuPvgvj mieivngvix c«wZôvb¸‡jv mgh়g‡Zv KvcW় mieivn Kivh় evsjv‡`‡k
‡Wwb‡gi ‰Zwi ‡cvkvK c«¯—yZ Ki‡ZI mgh় Kg jv‡M|I‡U·vi
Z_¨ Abyhvh়x, eQ‡ii c«_g AvU gv‡m gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó« wR‡Ýi ‡gvU
Avg`vwb 31 `kwgK 29 kZvsk ‡eW‡় 2.85 wewjh়b Wjvi nh‡়‡Q|
‡mvwm©s Rvb©v‡ji c«wZ‡e`b Abymv‡i, ‡cvkvK wewµ 6 `kwgK 7 kZvsk ‡_‡K
7 kZvsk ev 6.15 wewjh়b ‡_‡K 6.17 wewjh়b ch©š— evW়‡e e‡j aviYv
Ki‡Q hy³iv‡ó«i e…nËg ‡µZv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg ‡jwf'm| Gi Av‡M wewµ 6.4 wewjh়b ‡_‡K 6.5
wewjh়b ch©š— evW়vi c~e©vfvm
‡`Ih়v nh‡়wQj|
Z‡e BD‡iv‡c ‡Wwbg ißvwbi evRv‡ii Ae¯’v GLbI Lye GKUv fv‡jv nh়| 'Pjgvb ivwkh়v-BD‡µb hy‡×i
d‡j µgea©gvb gy`«vùxwZi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i c«avb ißvwb evRvi¸‡jv‡Z ‡fv³v‡`i ‡cvkvK
Pvwn`v Kg‡Q|
Gbfh় ‡U·UvB‡ji c«wZôvZv c«‡KŠkjx KyZyeDwÏb
Avn‡g` e‡jb, BD‡ivcxh় M«vnK‡`i Pvwn`v K‡g hvIh়vh় ¯’vbxh় ‡Wwbg
c«¯—yZKviK‡`i Drcv`b A‡a©K K‡g ‡M‡Q|
wZwb AviI e‡jb, 'G ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK msK‡Ui mgh় gvbyl Lvevi,
Ilya I Ab¨vb¨ c«h‡়vRbxh় wRwbmc‡Îi
cwie‡Z© ‡cvkvK wKb‡Z AvM«nx _v‡K bv| A‡bK ‡µZv wkc‡g›U ‡cQv‡bvi Aby‡iva Ki‡Qb|
Avevi bZyb AW©vi¸‡jvI ‡`ix‡Z Avm‡Q| A‡bK ‡µZv Zv‡`i ‡c‡g›U ‡`wi‡Z cwi‡kva Ki‡Qb
d‡j ißvwbKviK‡`i Ic‡iI AwZwi³ Pvc m…wó n‡”Q|
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